Horizontal+Circulation

**What does the design of horizontal circulation determine?** The design of horizontal circulation frequently determines the basic shapes and character of an entire structure

What are the four practical requirements of any horizontal circulation system mentioned in the lecture?

The first practical requirements of any circulation system is that it be adequate in size. The second one is that of directness: A good circulation plan should work well in either direction. The third is that is that points of convergention traffic must be expressed. This is very important in the design of facilities for for rapids exits, The four and las one requirement is that change in levels must be clearly expressed **What are the three examples (names of buildings) mentioned by Prof. Watanabe to illustrate different horizontal circulation patterns?**



Pennsylvania Station in New York



Centrosoyuz building in Moscow 

Palais de Justice in Paris.

**Why is the concept of horizontal circulation in any urban plan or architectural design?** Circulation should give the impresion that they lead to define places. The easiest type of progression is in a straight line, a focal point can serve as a direction changing on the circulation by showing to the person that the circulation ends there or that he has to take a change in direction. The architect can make the structure convenient, clare and practical or tortous, confuse and inefficient. Circulation have an esthetic value as well as a functional one. The architect should establish the relations between the parts and the whole and between the circulation patter itself and the general sense of the entire structure.